Electrical furnace of resistance type, namely resistance furnace, is an electric furnace in which heat is generated by conductors that offer resistance to the passage of a current through them. It has been widely used in many cases for their numerous advantages.
In both batch-type and continuous resistance furnaces with a working temperature of up to 700°C, forced circulation of the furnace gases is widely used. The gases are circulated by fans or blowers that either are installed in the furnace or are located, together with the heating elements, outside the furnace in electric heaters.
Indirect-heat resistance furnaces that are used to melt fusible metals—for example, lead, babbitt metal, aluminum alloys, or manganese alloys—are built either as crucible furnaces with a metal crucible and an external heater or as reverberatory furnaces with a bath and, above the bath, heating elements in the roof.
Laboratory resistance furnaces include small pipe furnaces, muffle furnaces, and chamber furnaces, as well as thermostats (constant-temperature chambers) and drying ovens.
Most resistance furnaces are of the indirect type. In indirect-heat resistance furnaces, electric energy is converted into heat when a current flows through the heating elements. The heat is transmitted to the articles to be heated by radiation, convection, or conduction. Such a furnace consists of a working chamber formed by a lining composed of a layer of firebrick that supports both the articles to be heated and the heating elements and that is insulated from a metal casing by a layer of heat insulation. The parts and mechanisms that operate in the chamber, as well as the heating elements, are made of heat-resistant steels, refractory steels, or other refractory materials.
The thermostat and relay connection enable the resistance furnace to turn on and off automatically, depending on the temperature inside the home. An air circulation switch located either on a thermostat in the house, or on the furnace itself, also allows the homeowner run the blower continuously. This will keep hot air circulating constantly throughout the home.
A resistance furnace generates hot air that is used to heat a home. A blower inside one creates airflow using electricity. The air is then circulated through heating elements inside the furnace. When the air is heated, it is sent throughout the building using various ducts.
No combustion takes place inside a resistance furnace, also known as an electric resistance furnace. As a result, a flue is not needed for this type of heating system. Generally, these models cost less to maintain than oil or gas furnaces. Since they run on electricity, their normal operating costs are usually higher than combustion furnaces.
In most homes, heating furnaces are usually attached to a thermostat. The thermostat is connected to relays inside the furnace. These relays turn the heating elements on when more heat is needed.
The thermostat and relay connection enable the resistance furnace to turn on and off automatically, depending on the temperature inside the home. An air circulation switch located either on a thermostat in the house, or on the furnace itself, also allows the homeowner run the blower continuously. This will keep hot air circulating constantly throughout the home.